The cover art of the
Saturday Evening Post is unquestionably the magazine’s most iconic feature. And throughout the 20th century, the
Post enthusiastically embraced baseball as a favorite topic for these celebrated covers. By my count, no fewer than 68 issues of the
Post overtly associated our national pastime with the magazine’s wholesome, all-American values by adorning its cover with baseball-related artwork. Here’s a brief look at a few of these covers, as well as a complete list of each and every one from the 20th century.
June 6, 1908
The
Post of June 6, 1908, was the first to feature a baseball-related cover. Titled “Watching Baseball through a Fence,” artist James Ellsworth “Worth” Brehm depicted five boys struggling to catch a glimpse of a ball game through outfield wall knotholes.
The
Post revisited this theme half a century later when Norman Rockwell’s “Knothole Baseball” graced the cover of the August 30, 1958, issue of the magazine. Note that Rockwell cleverly signed the artwork by “carving” his name into the wooden fence.
May 15, 1909
While the artwork of Worth Brehm graced the covers of just two issues of the
Saturday Evening Post, Joseph Christian “J.C.” Leyendecker’s paintings can be found on over 300 covers of the weekly magazine. This includes the issue of May 15, 1909: the second
Post to feature baseball on its cover.
Leyendecker regularly worked from live models, and the photograph below clearly shows that he did the same in making a preliminary sketch for this baseball painting.
October 1, 1910
September 16, 1911
September 30, 1911
April 13, 1912
From October 1910 through April 1912, the
Saturday Evening Post featured four baseball-related paintings by Pennsylvania native Robert Robinson. The last of this quartet depicts a batter about to bunt a ball. Many have speculated that the batter depicted by Robinson is Honus Wagner. Perhaps. But whoever the player is, his bunting form (or at least that illustrated by Robinson) is atrocious. He’s simply begging to have his fingers broken!
In 1912, the Curtis Publishing Company, owners of the
Saturday Evening Post, republished these four illustrations as postcards that today are much sought-after collectables.
June 14, 1913
The first baseball-themed
Post cover that featured the work of a female artist can be found on the June 14, 1913, issue of the magazine. Titled “Young Suffragette,” the painting by Violet Moore Higgins depicts a young girl with a baseball bat over her shoulder as she parades in front of disgruntled young boy.
Note that the young girl’s bat is quite similar to the various “black end” bats sold by A.G. Spalding & Bros. in the late 19th century.
That same year, a large advertisement for the
Saturday Evening Post adorned the wall beyond the left field bleachers at New York’s Polo Grounds, home of both the Giants and the Yankees. The ad, which makes it clear that the magazine was even sold at the park, can be easily seen in this photo taken at the historic stadium after Game Three of the 1913 World Series.
Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, LC-DIG-ggbain-14482
May 20, 1916
Like the work of J.C. Leyendecker, Norman Rockwell’s paintings were featured on the covers of over 300 issues of the
Saturday Evening Post. It happens that Rockwell’s very first cover for the magazine had a baseball theme. Featured on the front of the May 20, 1916, issue of the
Post, “Boy with Baby Carriage” depicts an unhappy boy charged with taking care of a baby, while two friends gloat as they head off to play ball.
As recounted by the artist in his 1960 autobiography “Norman Rockwell: My Adventures as an Illustrator”:
In those days the cover of the Post was the greatest show window in America for an illustrator. If you did a cover for the Post you had arrived. But I was scared. I used to sit in the studio with a copy of the Post laid across my knees. “Must be two million people look at that cover,” I’d say to myself. “At least. Probably more. Two million subscribers, and then their wives, sons, daughters, aunts, uncles, friends.”
July 8, 1939
The cover of the
Post’s July 8, 1939, issue featured one of Rockwell’s most familiar baseball paintings, “100th Year of Baseball.”
Of course, 1939 wasn’t actually the 100th year of baseball, but the theme made for a wonderful cover. Indeed, the painting was subsequently featured on the covers of two other issues of the magazine: June 1, 1972, and July 1, 1994. For reasons unknown, the 1994 version shows the umpire without a cigar in his mouth.
September 4, 1948
On May 23, 1948, the Chicago Cubs visited Boston for a doubleheader against the Braves. At the ballpark that day were Norman Rockwell and a few of his photographers who captured shots of members of the Cubs, as well as Frank McNulty, the batboy assigned to the visiting team. On September 4, 1948, Rockwell’s finished watercolor, “The Dugout,” graced the cover of the
Saturday Evening Post.
Seen in the visitors’ dugout at Braves Field are (left to right) pitcher Bob Rush, manager Charlie Grimm, catcher Rube Walker, and pitcher Johnny Schmitz. In front of the dejected quartet of Cubs is the batboy, whose image had earlier been captured by photographer Gene Pelham. Below is one of the numerous shots taken of McNulty at the park that day.
The Cubs lost both games of the doubleheader and ultimately finished the season in last place with a record of 64 wins and 90 losses. As for the particular individuals pictured, Charlie Grimm lasted another year as pilot of the Cubs, losing his job in June of 1949. Rookie moundsman Bob Rush ended the season with a mark of 5-11, while Johnny Schmitz posted an impressive record of 18-13 with a 2.64 ERA.
Rookie catcher Rube Walker started his first major league game in the second contest of the doubleheader that very day, but in the top of the first inning was knocked unconscious thanks to a beaning by Braves pitcher Vern Bickford. Walker returned to the field a week later, and after some struggles at the plate, ended the season with a respectable .275 batting average.
Miami News, May 24, 1948
April 23, 1949
About four months after Rockwell’s trip to Braves Field, the famous artist visited Brooklyn’s Ebbets Field in preparation for yet another
Saturday Evening Post cover. On September 14, 1948, the Pirates were in town to play the Dodgers, and Rockwell brought along a photographer to capture images of members of both teams. The resulting painting, titled “Tough Call,” graced the cover of the April 23, 1949, issue of the
Post and depicts three umpires (Larry Goetz, Beans Reardon, and Lou Jorda) looking skyward as Dodgers coach Clyde Sukeforth and Pirates manager Billy Meyer discuss the situation.
The painting is a bit confusing. The scoreboard shows that the Pirates are leading 1-0 in the bottom of the sixth (indeed, a Pirates outfielder can be seen in the background). If rain were to halt the game, the Pirates would be declared the victors. But if so, why is it that Brooklyn’s Sukeforth is happy and Pittsburgh’s Meyer is glum?
Inside the same issue of the
Post, the situation is explained as follows:
This week’s Norman Rockwell cover depicts Ebbets Field, the home of the Brooklyn Dodgers. The Dodgers are trailing the Pittsburg Pirates 1-0 in the sixth inning. If the arbiters – left to right, Larry Goetz, Beans Reardon and Lou Jorda – call the game because of rain, the score will stand as is, and Pittsburgh will win. This irks the Brooklynites, who dislike having other teams win. In the picture, Clyde Sukeforth, a Brooklyn coach, could well be saying, ‘You may be all wet, but it ain’t raining a drop!’ The huddled Pittsburgher – Bill Meyer, Pirate manager – is doubtless retorting, ‘For the love of Abner Doubleday, how can we play ball in this cloudburst?’”
But this clarification ignores the fact that it has apparently already begun to rain, as evidenced by the drop that has just hit the outstretched hand of home plate umpire Reardon. Other inconsistencies can be found in the illustration, as well, but one must remember that the painting is one artist’s vision, not an historically factual snapshot in time.
Interestingly, the version of Rockwell’s artwork published on the cover of the
Post was
not what the artist originally provided to the magazine. According to Corry Kazenberg, Curator of Archival Collections at the Norman Rockwell Museum:
... a disgruntled Rockwell wrote to Post art editor Ken Stuart, noting that the original painting of Tough Call “had the piece of sky added when I still feel it was better as I conceived and painted it.” Photographs of Rockwell at work on the piece show that all the clouds running along the top length of the composition had previously been dark gray. The published version of the painting comprised of a blue sky with lightened gray and white clouds in the top right corner. In addition, the visiting Pirates’ gray uniforms were darkened. Who repainted Rockwell’s canvas?
In the late 1940s, the Post employed a Philadelphia artist, William H. Rapp, to adjust details of other artists’ illustrations including size, signature placement, changing real advertising signs to imagined ones, eliminating brand names, and other minutiae required of the editors. In addition to changing the sky and uniforms in "Tough Call," Rapp modified three other Rockwell covers in 1948 and 1949, done under the direction of Stuart. After the fourth altered cover was published, a displeased Rockwell addressed the situation in a letter to his art editor:
This repainting of my work without my knowledge or consent has never happened to me before with the Post or any other magazine.
This is very serious to me. As you know, I am willing to make changes or have a picture rejected, but I do feel that the re-painting of a man’s work to this point is completely unethical ...
I cannot go on painting with any strength or conviction with the threat of such changes to my work constantly hanging over my head.
An indication of his importance to the magazine, Rockwell’s protests did result in a change of protocol. In addition to Stuart’s assessment, two other editors—editor-in-chief Ben Hibbs, and managing editor Robert Fuoss—would together review Rockwell’s work on arrival, and afterward consult with the artist about possible changes.
April 22, 1950
Another controversy related to a baseball-themed
Post cover occurred the next spring. The front of the April 22, 1950, issue of the magazine featured a painting by artist Stevan Dohanos titled “Catching the Home Run Ball.”
First, the title is a mistake. Those familiar with the layout of New York’s Polo Grounds will immediately notice that the ball in the painting is headed toward the third base seats in foul territory. The player is not attempting to catch a home run ball at all. He’s trying to snag a pop foul!
Second, in November of 2000, the son of artist Austin Briggs wrote in to the
New York Review of Books, relating a much more disturbing problem:
An incident concerning a cover that my late father [Austin Briggs], whose name I bear, painted for the Saturday Evening Post sheds light on the general absence of African-Americans from Rockwell’s American Main Street.
In “Norman Rockwell Painting America,” telecast last Thanksgiving eve in the PBS American Masters series, Richard Reeves related that Ben Hibbs, the editor of the Saturday Evening Post, made his position about African-Americans clear to Rockwell: “Don’t put them in your paintings. It makes people uneasy.” My father learned firsthand just how uneasy the Post was made by “them.”
If you look at the cover of the Post for April 22, 1950, you will see a painting of a group of spectators in the Polo Grounds reaching for a foul ball that is soaring into the stands as a player on the field runs toward them, the ball already out of his reach. Inside the magazine, “This Week’s Cover” offers an anecdote about the problems resulting from painting Post covers a year ahead of time. This cover, we read, originally showed Sid Gordon of the Giants chasing the foul, but when the third baseman was traded to Boston, the artist “irately detached Gordon’s face and substituted the countenance of Oscar Nobody, who isn’t apt to be traded.”
When I look at that painting, I see more than you do. That’s my father, ducking as he looks anxiously up at the ball, a paper cup in one hand and a hotdog in the other; he’s wondering how to protect the Rolleiflex hanging around his neck, the same camera he used to take the photos he worked from. You can’t see the face of the girl with the beautiful bright red hair, but I recognize a portrait of my sister Lorna. And there I am too, another redhead, at eighteen, looking up in the general direction of the fly ball with the same look of dazed confusion I generally brought to my unhappy tours in left field.
But this cover is only indirectly my father’s work, and someone who ought to be in the painting is missing. As Sid Gordon’s head was “detached” and replaced by Oscar Nobody’s, so another far more significant “substitution” took place. In the painting my father delivered to the Post, the hefty man sitting in the foreground with a handkerchief over his head to protect his pate from the sun was a black woman. She was a speaking likeness of Fanny Drain, a woman who worked for my family and was much loved by all of us. When the Giants were playing, she and my father—whose studio was at home—would follow the radio broadcasts avidly and vocally; her pride and pleasure in being included in the cover painting were deep.
When my father delivered his cover to the Post offices in Philadelphia, City of Brotherly Love, however, the editors told him that he would have to paint Fanny out of the picture. I don’t know what reason they gave; my father was too angry to recall anything but the demand and his response. He broke the painting, on a gesso panel, over his knee and walked out. The financial sacrifice was great, but he never regretted his act or repented his fury.
You can still see the portraits that remain on the cover because the Post hired Stevan Dohanos, a follower of Rockwell who did numerous Post covers, to repaint my father’s painting. The composition in the cover that ran is my father’s, the tonalities are pretty much his, and his self-portrait and the portraits of my sister and me are still easy to read. But Fanny Drain has been erased, turned into “Nobody.”
March 2, 1957
In the fall of 1956, Norman Rockwell met with Sherman “Scotty” Safford, a student at Pittsfield High School, located less than 20 miles north of Rockwell’s studio in Stockbridge, Massachusetts. The lanky 18-year-old Safford was just the model Rockwell needed for a painting the artist titled “The Rookie.” Below are some photos of the youngster that Rockwell used to create his artwork.
The artwork reproduced on the cover of the
Post of March 2, 1957, depicted a green Red Sox rookie arriving at the club’s locker room at Payne Park, Boston’s spring training home in Sarasota, Florida. Not convinced the locale is supposed to be spring training? Check out the palm trees seen outside the window. That ain’t Boston’s Fenway Park!
Also featured in the painting are Boston players Sammy White (bottom left), Frank Sullivan (on bench at far left), Jackie Jensen (tying his shoe), Ted Williams (standing at center), and Billy Goodman (far right). The player standing at far left was not a member of the Red Sox, but a stand-in whom Rockwell referred to simply as “John J. Anonymous.” In May of 2014, the original painting sold at auction for $22.5 million.
Below is a complete listing of every baseball-related image to grace the cover of the
Saturday Evening Post in the 20th century.
June 6, 1908
“Watching Baseball through a Fence”
Worth Brehm
May 15, 1909
“Baseball Catcher”
J.C. Leyendecker
April 16, 1910
“Sliding into Home Plate”
Anton Otto Fischer
May 14, 1910
“Sandlot Baseball”
Anton Otto Fischer
October 1, 1910
“Baseball Catcher Looking Up”
Robert Robinson
September 16, 1911
“Boy Pitching Baseball”
Robert Robinson
September 30, 1911
“Baseball Fans”
Robert Robinson
April 13, 1912
“Bunt” or “Baseball Player Bunting”
Robert Robinson
June 8, 1912
“Conference on the Mound”
Leslie Thrasher
June 14, 1913
“Young Suffragette”
Violet Moore Higgins
April 24, 1915
“The Windup”
John A. Coughlin
July 10, 1915
“Fighting a Losing Battle” or “Arguing the Call”
Martin Justice
May 20, 1916
“Boy with Baby Carriage”
Norman Rockwell
August 5, 1916
“Gramps at the Plate”
Norman Rockwell
August 4, 1917
“Baseball Rained Out”
Charles A. MacLellan
July 28, 1923
“Fly Ball”
E.M. Jackson
May 9, 1925
“Daydreams of Baseball”
Robert Robinson
April 17, 1926
“Boy’s Baseball Team”
Eugene Iverd
May 28, 1927
“Safe on Base”
Alan Foster
October 1, 1927
“Baseball Fans”
Eugene Iverd
September 29, 1928
“Safe at the Plate”
Alan Foster
June 1, 1929
“Dad at Bat”
Alan Foster
September 7, 1929
“Pop-Up Fly”
Harrison McCreary
April 26, 1930
“Home Run”
Eugene Iverd
August 30, 1930
“Arguing the Call”
Alan Foster
May 28, 1932
“Baseball Batter”
J.F. Kernan
October 8, 1932
“Shadow Batter,” originally titled “Some Day”
John E. Sheridan
August 18, 1934
“The Windup”
Eugene Iverd
July 8, 1939
“100th Anniversary of Baseball”
Norman Rockwell
May 11, 1940
“Rug Beater”
J.C. Leyendecker
August 10, 1940
“Up at Bat”
Douglass Crockwell
June 28, 1941
“Baseball Stadium at Night”
Roy Hilton
May 20, 1944
“Mumps”
Stan Ekman
April 21, 1945
“Island Game”
Stevan Dohanos
June 30, 1945
“Still Life of Boys Toys”
John Atherton
July 20, 1946
“Baseball Player Mowing the Lawn”
Stevan Dohanos
April 19, 1947
“Yankee Stadium”
John Falter
April 17, 1948
“More Clothes to Clean”
George Hughes
September 4, 1948
“The Dugout”
Norman Rockwell
April 23, 1949
“Tough Call” also known as “Three Umpires”
Norman Rockwell
April 22, 1950
“Catching the Home Run Ball”
Stevan Dohanos
September 2, 1950
“Family Baseball”
John Falter
April 21, 1951
“Oregon Baseball”
John Clymer
May 24, 1952
“Day in the Life of a Boy”
Norman Rockwell
October 4, 1952
“Linemen Listen to World Series”
Stevan Dohanos
May 1, 1954
“Stan the Man”
John Falter
August 21, 1954
“Construction Crew”
Norman Rockwell
October 2, 1954
“World Series Scores”
Thornton Utz
March 12, 1955
“Norman Rockwell Album”
Norman Rockwell
April 23, 1955
“Sleepy Inning”
Earl Mayan
April 21, 1956
“Date with the Television”
John Falter
May 19, 1956
“At the Optometrist” or “Eye Doctor”
Norman Rockwell
March 2, 1957
“The Rookie (Baseball Locker Room)”
Norman Rockwell
April 20, 1957
“Yogi Berra”
Earl Mayan
July 6, 1957
“Sandlot Homerun”
John Falter
August 30, 1958
“Knothole Baseball”
Norman Rockwell
October 4, 1958
“World Series in TV Department”
Ben Kimberly Prins
April 11, 1959
“Not Time For a Hotdog”
Richard Sargent
April 2, 1960
“Recess at Pine Creek”
John Clymer
April 23, 1960
“Grandma Catches Fly-ball”
Richard Sargent
October 8, 1960
“Baseball in the Boardroom”
Lonie Bee
April 29, 1961
“Baseball in the Hospital”
Amos Sewell
June 24, 1961
“Checklist for Summer Camp”
Ben Kimberly Prins
April 28, 1962
“Baseball Fight” (fold out cover)
James Williamson
May 11, 1963
“Leo Durocher”
Lawrence J. Schiller
June 1, 1972
“Summer 1972”
Norman Rockwell
September 1, 1973
“School Supplies”
Robert Charles Howe
July 1, 1994
“Norman Rockwell Baseball Reprint”
Norman Rockwell
